Prep the veggies: Cut vegetables into bite-size pieces with similar thickness.
Pat very dry with paper towels. Moisture is the enemy of crisp.
Preheat the air fryer: Set to 390–400°F (200–205°C) for 5 minutes. A hot basket helps the batter set fast.
Mix the dry ingredients: In a medium bowl, whisk 3/4 cup all-purpose flour, 1/2 cup cornstarch, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and a pinch of pepper.
Make the batter: Add 1 cold egg (optional) and 3/4 to 1 cup ice-cold sparkling water.
Stir gently with chopsticks or a fork just until combined. Leave it lumpy; overmixing leads to dense coating.
Lightly dust the veggies: Toss vegetables with 2 tablespoons of cornstarch or flour. This thin base layer helps the batter cling.
Batter and load the basket: Dip a handful of veggies into the batter, shake off excess, and place in the preheated basket. Do not overcrowd. Leave space so air can circulate.
Oil mist and cook: Lightly spray the tops with oil. Air fry at 390–400°F for 6–8 minutes, flipping halfway and misting again.
Cook until the coating is pale golden and crisp.
Season and hold warm: Transfer to a rack or paper towel-lined tray. Sprinkle with a pinch of salt. Keep batches warm in a low oven (200°F/95°C) while you finish.
Repeat with remaining veggies: Batter separates as it sits, so give it a quick stir between batches.
If it thickens, add a splash more cold water.
Serve right away: Pair with dipping sauce and lemon wedges. Tempura is best enjoyed hot and fresh.