Prep the pan and air fryer: Line the bottom of your cake pan with parchment and lightly grease the sides. Preheat the air fryer to 320°F (160°C) for 3–5 minutes if your model requires preheating.
Warm the eggs slightly: For maximum volume, use room-temperature eggs.
If they’re cold, place whole eggs (in shells) in warm tap water for 5 minutes, then dry.
Whip eggs and sugar: In a large bowl, beat eggs with sugar using a hand mixer on medium-high for 6–8 minutes until the mixture triples in volume, looks pale, and forms thick ribbons that slowly fall back on themselves. This step creates the sponge’s structure.
Add flavorings: Mix in vanilla and lemon zest. In a small cup, combine milk and oil (or melted butter) and set aside.
Sift dry ingredients: Sift together flour, salt, and baking powder (if using).
Sift twice for extra lightness. Lightly sprinkle one-third of the dry mix over the egg mixture.
Fold gently: Using a wide spatula, fold with a light hand from the bottom up, rotating the bowl. Add the remaining dry ingredients in two more additions, folding just until no streaks remain.
Avoid deflating the batter.
Temper the fat: In a small bowl, stir 2–3 tablespoons of batter into the milk-oil mixture to loosen it. Gently fold this tempered mixture back into the main batter. This keeps the cake soft without collapsing the foam.
Pan and level: Pour batter into the prepared pan.
Tap the pan lightly on the counter once to pop large bubbles, then smooth the top with a spatula.
Bake in the air fryer: Place the pan in the basket. Cook at 300–320°F (150–160°C) for 22–28 minutes, depending on your air fryer and pan size. If the top browns too quickly, tent lightly with foil at the 15-minute mark.
Check doneness: The cake is done when the top springs back to a gentle touch, a skewer comes out clean, and the edges slightly pull away from the pan.
If needed, add 2–4 more minutes.
Cool upside down (optional for height): For a traditional airy crumb, invert the pan onto a wire rack for 5–8 minutes to prevent sinking. Then run a thin knife around the edge, turn out, and peel off parchment. Cool completely on the rack.
Finish: Dust with powdered sugar or serve with whipped cream and berries.
Slice with a serrated knife using a gentle sawing motion.