Par-cook the sprouts: Bring a pot of salted water to a boil.
Add Brussels sprouts and cook for 6–8 minutes, until just fork-tender but not mushy. Drain well and pat dry. Drying is important for crisping.
Preheat the air fryer: Set it to 400°F (200°C) for 3–5 minutes.
A hot basket helps with browning.
Toss with seasoning: In a large bowl, combine sprouts, olive oil, salt, pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, and red pepper flakes. Coat evenly.
Smash: Place the sprouts on a cutting board. Use the bottom of a drinking glass, a heavy jar, or a small skillet to press down gently until each sprout flattens to about 1/2 inch thick.
Don’t overdo it—keep them in one piece.
Prepare the basket: Lightly spray the air fryer basket with cooking spray. Arrange the smashed sprouts in a single layer with a bit of space between them. Work in batches if needed.
Air fry, round one: Cook at 400°F for 8–10 minutes.
They should start to brown and crisp at the edges.
Add Parmesan: Sprinkle the grated Parmesan over the sprouts. Return to the air fryer for 2–4 more minutes, until the cheese melts and turns golden.
Finish and serve: Transfer to a plate. Squeeze a little lemon over the top and taste for salt.
Serve hot with your favorite dip.