Prep the air fryer: Preheat to 325°F (165°C) for 3–5 minutes.
If your model doesn’t preheat, run it empty for a few minutes on the set temperature.
Mix dry ingredients: In a large bowl, whisk flour, both sugars, baking powder, baking soda, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves until no clumps remain.
Combine wet ingredients: In a separate bowl or large measuring cup, whisk pumpkin puree, eggs, oil, milk, and vanilla until smooth.
Bring it together: Pour the wet mixture into the dry. Stir gently with a spatula just until you no longer see dry flour. Do not overmix. Fold in chips or nuts if using.
Fill the liners: Place silicone cups or sturdy liners in the air fryer basket or on the tray.
Fill each about 3/4 full. Sprinkle with coarse sugar if you like a crunchy top.
Air fry the first batch: Cook at 325°F (165°C) for 12–14 minutes, until the tops are set and a toothpick comes out with a few moist crumbs. Rotate the basket once if your air fryer has hot spots.
Cool briefly: Let muffins rest in the cups for 5 minutes to set, then transfer to a rack.
Repeat with remaining batter.
Serve: Enjoy warm or at room temperature. They’re great plain or with a pat of butter or a smear of cream cheese.