Preheat the air fryer. Set it to 350°F (175°C) for 3–5 minutes. Lightly spray the basket with cooking spray to prevent sticking.
Mix dry ingredients. In a large bowl, whisk 2 cups flour, 1/2 cup granulated sugar, 1/4 cup light brown sugar, 2 tsp baking powder, 1/2 tsp baking soda, 1/2 tsp salt, 2 tsp cinnamon, 1/2 tsp nutmeg, 1/2 tsp ginger, and a pinch of cloves.
Combine wet ingredients. In a separate bowl, whisk 1 cup pumpkin puree, 1 egg, 1/2 cup buttermilk, 1/4 cup neutral oil (or melted butter), and 1 tsp vanilla until smooth.
Make the batter. Pour wet ingredients into the dry.
Stir gently until just combined. The batter should be thick, like muffin batter. Do not overmix.
Shape the donuts. Transfer batter to a piping bag or a zip-top bag with the corner snipped. Pipe rings onto small parchment squares, or use silicone donut molds if you have them.
Aim for 1/2–3/4 inch thick rings.
Air fry. Place donuts (on parchment or in molds) in a single layer. Air fry at 350°F for 6–8 minutes, until puffed and lightly browned. A toothpick should come out clean.
Cool slightly. Let donuts rest 2–3 minutes before handling.
This helps them set and prevents breaking.
Coat or glaze. For cinnamon sugar: Brush warm donuts with a little melted butter and roll in cinnamon sugar.
For glaze: Whisk powdered sugar, milk, and vanilla until smooth. Dip warm donuts, let excess drip, and set on a rack.
Repeat. Continue with remaining batter, working in batches to avoid crowding the basket.