Preheat the air fryer: Set to 380°F (193°C).
Preheating helps the carrots brown more evenly.
Prep the carrots: Peel and cut into uniform pieces, about 1/2-inch coins or 3-inch sticks. Even sizing = even cooking.
Season: Toss carrots with olive oil, 3/4 teaspoon kosher salt, 1/4 teaspoon black pepper, and the garlic powder and smoked paprika if using.
Air fry the carrots: Add to the basket in a single layer with a little space between pieces. Cook 12 to 16 minutes, shaking halfway, until tender with light browning on the edges. Thicker pieces may need a few more minutes.
Make the hot honey glaze: While the carrots cook, warm butter in a small pan or microwave-safe bowl until melted.
Stir in honey, red pepper flakes (or a few dashes of hot sauce), and vinegar or lemon juice. Taste and adjust heat or acid. The glaze should be sweet, a little spicy, and lightly tangy.
Glaze and finish: Transfer hot carrots to a bowl and pour over the glaze. Toss to coat so the carrots absorb the flavors while warm.
Garnish and serve: Finish with chopped herbs and a sprinkle of sesame seeds or crushed pistachios if you like.
Serve right away while sticky and glossy.