Dry the beans: After rinsing, spread the black beans on a clean towel and pat very dry. Excess moisture makes mushy burgers.
Mash: Add beans to a large bowl and mash with a fork or potato masher.
Leave about one-quarter of the beans partly whole for texture.
Mix the binder: In a small cup, whisk the egg (or prepare the flax egg by mixing flax and water; rest 5 minutes). Stir in soy sauce, tomato paste, and lime juice.
Add the flavor base: To the beans, add onion, bell pepper, garlic, cumin, smoked paprika, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Pour in the egg mixture and stir until combined.
Bring it together: Sprinkle in the breadcrumbs and oats.
Mix just until the mixture holds together. If it’s sticky, add 1 to 2 more tablespoons of breadcrumbs.
Shape the patties: Form 4 even patties, about 3/4-inch thick. Press the edges to compact them so they don’t crack.
Preheat the air fryer: Set to 375°F (190°C) for 3 minutes.
Lightly spray the basket to prevent sticking.
Cook the first side: Place patties in a single layer without crowding. Lightly mist the tops with oil. Air fry for 7 to 8 minutes.
Flip and finish: Carefully flip, mist again, and cook another 6 to 7 minutes until the edges are crisp and the centers feel set.
Toast and assemble: Warm the buns in the air fryer for 1 to 2 minutes.
Stack the patties with your favorite toppings.