Prep the ribs: Pat the ribs dry with paper towels. If there’s a thick membrane on the bone side, slide a butter knife under it and pull it off with a paper towel for better tenderness and seasoning penetration.
Make the rub: In a small bowl, mix salt, pepper, smoked paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, chili or cayenne, and brown sugar (if using).
Season thoroughly: Rub the ribs with olive oil, then coat all sides with the spice mix.
Press it in so it adheres well.
Preheat the air fryer: Set to 375°F (190°C) for 3 to 5 minutes. A hot basket helps sear and prevents sticking.
Arrange the ribs: Place ribs in a single layer, meaty side up, with a little space between pieces. Do not overcrowd. Cook in batches if needed.
Cook phase one: Air fry at 375°F (190°C) for 20 minutes.
Flip halfway through for even browning.
Check doneness: For short ribs, continue at 350°F (175°C) for another 10 to 15 minutes, until the meat is tender and the internal temp hits at least 185°F for fall-apart texture. For flanken-style or thinner ribs, you may only need 5 to 8 more minutes total. Timing depends on thickness.
Optional glaze: If using barbecue sauce, mix it with apple cider vinegar or lemon juice. Brush over ribs and air fry at 400°F (205°C) for 3 to 4 minutes to set and caramelize the glaze.
Rest and serve: Let ribs rest 5 minutes to keep juices in.
Slice between bones if needed and serve hot.